Does Marijuana Have Negative or Positive Effects on Human Health?

Marijuana (Cannabis sativa)Image right: Freepik.com


The topic of marijuana also referred to as Cannabis sativa, is a contentious issue with strong arguments on both sides. Some argue against its legalization, claiming it is harmful, while others argue in favor of its legalization, citing potential benefits. This essay will examine the evidence presented by both sides and determine which has the strongest case.


Marijuana is a plant from the Cannabaceae family. It consists of two main chemical compounds: tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). THC is the psychoactive component that causes the user to experience a change in his behavior and body sensations, while CBD is non-psychoactive and does not create the same effect as THC. The plant is typically grown for its dried flowers, leaves, stems, and seeds and is commonly consumed by smoking, but can also be consumed in cakes, bread, candies, or medicinal cannabis products. 


According to the World Health Organization (WHO), cannabis is the most widely cultivated, smuggled, and consumed illegal drug globally. Some of the major producers of cannabis include Afghanistan, Canada, China, Mexico, the United States, Jamaica, Colombia, and Turkey. With over 140 million people using it annually, it is more popular than alcohol, cocaine, and other psychoactive substances combined. Despite being illegal in most countries, some places such as Canada, Mexico, Paraguay, Malta, Columbia, and certain states in the United States have legalized its medicinal and recreational use.


Some healthcare professionals and researchers argue that the use of marijuana can lead to negative impacts on human health, both in the short-term and long term. These may include cognitive issues, paranoia, panic attacks, increased heart rate, and other symptoms. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) also states that long-term marijuana use can cause lung tissue damage, scarring, and harm to small blood vessels. Furthermore, pregnant women who use marijuana may negatively impact the development of the fetus's brain. And, on the other hand, some argue that marijuana is highly addictive and can cause the brain to become dependent on it. These are the reasons cited by those who believe that marijuana should not be legalized. 


On the other hand, it has been acknowledged by the World Health Organization for reducing nausea and vomiting in cancer patients after chemotherapy and as an antidepressant and appetite stimulant. In Canada, it has been legally available as a therapeutic option since 2001 and has been reported by patients with chronic pain to relieve their pain. The National Sleep Foundation has also found that cannabis may be beneficial for individuals with certain conditions such as chronic pain, PTSD, and immune disorders. Moreover, some users argue that cannabis helps them to manage anxiety and depression, and believe it improves their academic performance. Proponents of cannabis legalization have conceded that more research is needed to confirm these potential benefits.


In my opinion, legalizing cannabis would have numerous benefits, such as making it easier for people to access its potential therapeutic uses for illnesses like chronic pain and cancer. Furthermore, it could help decrease criminal activity and corruption associated with the illegal cannabis trade. Additionally, the cannabis market is a significant economic prospect, valued at $25.1 billion in 2021 and projected to reach $140 billion by 2031. With the right regulations, legalization could also lead to job creation and tax revenue.


There is an ongoing debate about the negative and positive health effects of marijuana, but it is clear that it has several potential benefits. Additionally, it has a strong economic potential that could help lift millions out of poverty. Decriminalizing marijuana could also reduce the high rate of crimes associated with it. If fully legalized, governments could address a range of issues while also generating revenue through taxes. Therefore, I urge the government and other relevant agencies to carefully consider the benefits of legalization for citizens and the country.


NB: This information is for educational purposes only and should not replace professional medical advice. If you have any concerns about using marijuana, it is important to speak with a qualified healthcare professional. 


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